1 10 363 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/60783f6816e7a7b0a005353b882b02b6.JPG 77778ebac004854ae2eb5ab294ab6c6f https://imkarchive.org/files/original/d81b37afab8b93207ef7a08dfa10c355.JPG 26a664434bcdd5265ad749705d3ec383 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Irish War of Independence Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Type The nature or genre of the resource Subject The topic of the resource Irish War of Independence Description An account of the resource War of Independence Cogadh na Saoirse In the immediate aftermath of the Rising it seemed that a calm had settled on Ireland; the command structure of the Volunteers had been depleted and a countrywide round-up of dissenters had been exiled to internment in the United Kingdom. However a simmering resentment remained among the people due to the execution of the rebel leaders, internment of the surviving Volunteers and the continued recruitment drive for manpower for the War effort; allied with the carrot and stick approach tactics of the British linking the implementation of Home Rule to conscription. The rejuvenated Volunteers and its leaders, once released from internment (Frongoch Internment Camp in Wales was known as the “University of Revolution “) had begun to re-organize and rally around the issue of recruitment. The funeral in 1917 of 1916 leader Thomas Ashe (who died on hunger strike while being force fed) had many echoes of the pre-Rising funeral of O’ Donovan Rossa; the impressive organisation of the Volunteers on the day of Ashe’s funeral, and even the choice of a relatively unknown funeral orator, Michael Collins; who would go on to play as dominant a role in the forthcoming conflict, as Patrick Pearse had done in the previous one. Other important indicators of the subtle return of confidence to the separatist ranks were the ceding, by Arthur Griffith of the Presidency of Sinn Fein in favour of Eamon De Valera and the subsequent election of De Valera as President of the Volunteers; increasingly referred to as the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Sinn Fein now had the confidence of an army underlying it. The IRA, after the Sinn Fein landslide victory in the general election of 1918, now enjoyed the legitimacy of a democratic majority. Having stood on a policy platform of abstaining from the Westminster Parliament - regarding it as a foreign parliament, the newly elected Sinn Fein members ( those that were not still imprisoned or on the run) convened on 21st of January , 1918 to form the new independent assembly, Dáil Éireann. On the same day in Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary, two RIC policemen were killed by men from the South Tipperary Brigade of the IRA, in an attempt to gain much needed arms. This is regarded as the first significant encounter of the Anglo-Irish War. Apart from purloining arms, another key tactic of the IRA was instigating a boycott, among locals, of the police. This intimidation inevitably led to a mass of retirements and reduction in the force and ultimately abandoning many of the more isolated rural barracks; leading to a breakdown in civil authority and a further legitimacy to Sinn Fein as the only local enforcement of civil order. The British authorities were prepared to leave the conflict at a ‘law and order’ level as a war would effectively recognise the authority of the new government. The preferred method of engaging with the insurgents was by way of ‘unofficial’ reprisals and harassment but these practices usually only elicited more resentment from the general populace. It was only when an orchestrated attack on three RIC barracks in the Cork area commanded by The Cork No.1 Brigade, that acknowledgment was made at British Government level that “…acts of war…” had been committed. One of these concurrent attacks was an unsuccessful one on the RIC Barracks at Kilmurry by a force of about 60 Macroom Company men with some men from the Kilmurry Company acting as scouts and look-outs. Eventually the British acknowledged the escalation of hostilities by recruiting support for the understrength RIC. This arrived in the form of temporary cadets – Black and Tans – named after their ad-hoc uniforms which were a mix of RIC and British Army due to supply shortages; figuratively betraying also the dual nature of their role. There were further reinforcements from experienced former British Officers in the guise of a paramilitary force, the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary (ADRIC), more commonly known as Auxiliaries or Auxies. A further bolster to the Crown Forces was the introduction of the draconian Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 and later on the selective introduction of martial law. The IRA in Cork responded to the escalation of hostilities with their own mobile paramilitary units – The Flying Column – which gained some notable military victories over the more experienced and numerically superior Crown Forces. In Dublin Michael Collins as Director of Intelligence for the Irish Republican Army (among his many roles) had a notable coup whereby the IRA essentially emasculated British Intelligence operations in Dublin by locating and killing eleven members of the crack undercover team known as the ‘Cairo Gang’. In retaliation the Crown Forces opened fire on a Gaelic football match in Croke Park; fourteen civilians died in the attack. Later on the British murdered three IRA prisoners it was holding in Dublin Castle. The day was dubbed as ‘Bloody Sunday’ and was considered a major propaganda and strategic victory for the IRA. The same year saw another major military and morale boosting victory for the IRA when in Cork an ambush of Auxiliaries in Kilmichael by the West Cork Flying Column resulted in 17 British casualties for the loss of three Volunteers. In response the British imposed martial law in most of Munster, including County Cork. In Cork City they also imposed a curfew and on the night of 11–12 December 1920 they burnt and looted the city as a reprisal for an engagement earlier on that evening and the Kilmichael Ambush, two weeks earlier. While the next few months saw even more tit-for-tat casualties it seemed clear that both sides were fighting a battle neither side could hope to win. Eventually a truce was agreed on 21st of July 1921. Since Munster, Cork in particular, saw a majority of the action outside of Dublin in the War of Independence it is no surprise that Kilmurry and its neighbouring parishes were witness to some of the key activities and engagements of the conflict; given its proximity to British garrisons at Cork, Ballincollig, Macroom and Bandon, and the consequent troop movement between them. This concentration of enemy forces attracted IRA attention to the area facilitated by a network of safe houses and loyal following. One such safe-house was in the neighbouring Parish of Kilmichael, Joe O’ Sullivan’s house at Gurranereigh. While Kilmurry was in the 1st Cork Brigade area it was adjacent to the 3rd Cork Brigade, to whose men it was considered a safe and convenient haven. It was to this house that Tom Barry and his men of the 1st Cork Brigade retired to billets after the Crossbarry Ambush on 19th of March 1921. Indeed the area was so often used by the men of the West Cork Flying Column that Sean O’ Hegarty, Officer Commanding of the Ist Cork Brigade once enquired of Tom Barry if “… (they) had any food or houses in West Cork”. Another member of the West Cork Flying Column and a veteran of the Crossbarry and Kilmichael Ambushes was Liam Deasy who in his memoir of the Anglo-Irish War ‘Towards Ireland Free’ fondly remembers the welcome they always received, not only from the Kilmurry/Crookstown Company Officers but also the people of the area. On the morning of Sunday, 22nd of August 1920, the area itself was witness to an ambush of Crown Forces at Lissarda. Local Volunteer William Powell of the Kilmurry Company (later Crookstown Company) observed a convoy of RIC and Tans on the way from Cork to Macroom earlier that morning and knowing they would at some stage return to Cork, set about staging an ambush on their route through Lissarda. It was only about 2:30pm when the convoy arrived at Lissarda but even at this stage all the ambush party had not yet arrived in their positions; there had been 12:30pm Mass to attend, guns to be collected, most likely farm work and probably some dinner. During the engagement one Volunteer was killed. The local man was Michael Galvin who was secretly buried in the Kilmurry Churchyard (any overt ceremony would have incurred reprisals for the family), before later being interred, when it was safe to do so, in St. Mary’s Graveyard, Kilmurry. One of the last actions of the war just a few weeks before the truce, saw the torching of the big house at Warrenscourt. Even at this late stage of the war there was evidence that the British were intent on stationing troops there to suppress IRA activity in the area. This showed the belief of both sides that even with a truce in sight they would be more than ready to continue the fight. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919 - 1921 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Story of the 7th" by Charlie Browne - Book Subject The topic of the resource Anglo-Irish War, Irish War of Independence, War of Independence, Ireland, 1919-1921 Description An account of the resource Book "Story of the 7th" by Charlie Browne - signed by author. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charlie Browne Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deirdre Bourke Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource n.d. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Book Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource physical object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.1122 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1919-1921 1919-1921 Anglo-Irish War Charlie Browne Ireland Irish War of Independence War of Independence https://imkarchive.org/files/original/2b16349c8405bb4edaee22c986fbf360.jpg f27f836e71d5ba077256d51854701f55 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Irish War of Independence Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Type The nature or genre of the resource Subject The topic of the resource Irish War of Independence Description An account of the resource War of Independence Cogadh na Saoirse In the immediate aftermath of the Rising it seemed that a calm had settled on Ireland; the command structure of the Volunteers had been depleted and a countrywide round-up of dissenters had been exiled to internment in the United Kingdom. However a simmering resentment remained among the people due to the execution of the rebel leaders, internment of the surviving Volunteers and the continued recruitment drive for manpower for the War effort; allied with the carrot and stick approach tactics of the British linking the implementation of Home Rule to conscription. The rejuvenated Volunteers and its leaders, once released from internment (Frongoch Internment Camp in Wales was known as the “University of Revolution “) had begun to re-organize and rally around the issue of recruitment. The funeral in 1917 of 1916 leader Thomas Ashe (who died on hunger strike while being force fed) had many echoes of the pre-Rising funeral of O’ Donovan Rossa; the impressive organisation of the Volunteers on the day of Ashe’s funeral, and even the choice of a relatively unknown funeral orator, Michael Collins; who would go on to play as dominant a role in the forthcoming conflict, as Patrick Pearse had done in the previous one. Other important indicators of the subtle return of confidence to the separatist ranks were the ceding, by Arthur Griffith of the Presidency of Sinn Fein in favour of Eamon De Valera and the subsequent election of De Valera as President of the Volunteers; increasingly referred to as the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Sinn Fein now had the confidence of an army underlying it. The IRA, after the Sinn Fein landslide victory in the general election of 1918, now enjoyed the legitimacy of a democratic majority. Having stood on a policy platform of abstaining from the Westminster Parliament - regarding it as a foreign parliament, the newly elected Sinn Fein members ( those that were not still imprisoned or on the run) convened on 21st of January , 1918 to form the new independent assembly, Dáil Éireann. On the same day in Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary, two RIC policemen were killed by men from the South Tipperary Brigade of the IRA, in an attempt to gain much needed arms. This is regarded as the first significant encounter of the Anglo-Irish War. Apart from purloining arms, another key tactic of the IRA was instigating a boycott, among locals, of the police. This intimidation inevitably led to a mass of retirements and reduction in the force and ultimately abandoning many of the more isolated rural barracks; leading to a breakdown in civil authority and a further legitimacy to Sinn Fein as the only local enforcement of civil order. The British authorities were prepared to leave the conflict at a ‘law and order’ level as a war would effectively recognise the authority of the new government. The preferred method of engaging with the insurgents was by way of ‘unofficial’ reprisals and harassment but these practices usually only elicited more resentment from the general populace. It was only when an orchestrated attack on three RIC barracks in the Cork area commanded by The Cork No.1 Brigade, that acknowledgment was made at British Government level that “…acts of war…” had been committed. One of these concurrent attacks was an unsuccessful one on the RIC Barracks at Kilmurry by a force of about 60 Macroom Company men with some men from the Kilmurry Company acting as scouts and look-outs. Eventually the British acknowledged the escalation of hostilities by recruiting support for the understrength RIC. This arrived in the form of temporary cadets – Black and Tans – named after their ad-hoc uniforms which were a mix of RIC and British Army due to supply shortages; figuratively betraying also the dual nature of their role. There were further reinforcements from experienced former British Officers in the guise of a paramilitary force, the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary (ADRIC), more commonly known as Auxiliaries or Auxies. A further bolster to the Crown Forces was the introduction of the draconian Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 and later on the selective introduction of martial law. The IRA in Cork responded to the escalation of hostilities with their own mobile paramilitary units – The Flying Column – which gained some notable military victories over the more experienced and numerically superior Crown Forces. In Dublin Michael Collins as Director of Intelligence for the Irish Republican Army (among his many roles) had a notable coup whereby the IRA essentially emasculated British Intelligence operations in Dublin by locating and killing eleven members of the crack undercover team known as the ‘Cairo Gang’. In retaliation the Crown Forces opened fire on a Gaelic football match in Croke Park; fourteen civilians died in the attack. Later on the British murdered three IRA prisoners it was holding in Dublin Castle. The day was dubbed as ‘Bloody Sunday’ and was considered a major propaganda and strategic victory for the IRA. The same year saw another major military and morale boosting victory for the IRA when in Cork an ambush of Auxiliaries in Kilmichael by the West Cork Flying Column resulted in 17 British casualties for the loss of three Volunteers. In response the British imposed martial law in most of Munster, including County Cork. In Cork City they also imposed a curfew and on the night of 11–12 December 1920 they burnt and looted the city as a reprisal for an engagement earlier on that evening and the Kilmichael Ambush, two weeks earlier. While the next few months saw even more tit-for-tat casualties it seemed clear that both sides were fighting a battle neither side could hope to win. Eventually a truce was agreed on 21st of July 1921. Since Munster, Cork in particular, saw a majority of the action outside of Dublin in the War of Independence it is no surprise that Kilmurry and its neighbouring parishes were witness to some of the key activities and engagements of the conflict; given its proximity to British garrisons at Cork, Ballincollig, Macroom and Bandon, and the consequent troop movement between them. This concentration of enemy forces attracted IRA attention to the area facilitated by a network of safe houses and loyal following. One such safe-house was in the neighbouring Parish of Kilmichael, Joe O’ Sullivan’s house at Gurranereigh. While Kilmurry was in the 1st Cork Brigade area it was adjacent to the 3rd Cork Brigade, to whose men it was considered a safe and convenient haven. It was to this house that Tom Barry and his men of the 1st Cork Brigade retired to billets after the Crossbarry Ambush on 19th of March 1921. Indeed the area was so often used by the men of the West Cork Flying Column that Sean O’ Hegarty, Officer Commanding of the Ist Cork Brigade once enquired of Tom Barry if “… (they) had any food or houses in West Cork”. Another member of the West Cork Flying Column and a veteran of the Crossbarry and Kilmichael Ambushes was Liam Deasy who in his memoir of the Anglo-Irish War ‘Towards Ireland Free’ fondly remembers the welcome they always received, not only from the Kilmurry/Crookstown Company Officers but also the people of the area. On the morning of Sunday, 22nd of August 1920, the area itself was witness to an ambush of Crown Forces at Lissarda. Local Volunteer William Powell of the Kilmurry Company (later Crookstown Company) observed a convoy of RIC and Tans on the way from Cork to Macroom earlier that morning and knowing they would at some stage return to Cork, set about staging an ambush on their route through Lissarda. It was only about 2:30pm when the convoy arrived at Lissarda but even at this stage all the ambush party had not yet arrived in their positions; there had been 12:30pm Mass to attend, guns to be collected, most likely farm work and probably some dinner. During the engagement one Volunteer was killed. The local man was Michael Galvin who was secretly buried in the Kilmurry Churchyard (any overt ceremony would have incurred reprisals for the family), before later being interred, when it was safe to do so, in St. Mary’s Graveyard, Kilmurry. One of the last actions of the war just a few weeks before the truce, saw the torching of the big house at Warrenscourt. Even at this late stage of the war there was evidence that the British were intent on stationing troops there to suppress IRA activity in the area. This showed the belief of both sides that even with a truce in sight they would be more than ready to continue the fight. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919 - 1921 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ballykinlar Internment Camp Group Photograph Subject The topic of the resource Anglo-Irish War, Irish War of Independence, War of Independence, Ireland, 1919-1921 Description An account of the resource Ballykinlar Internment Camp Group Photograph Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ann Barry Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 14/7/2020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Framed Photograph Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource physical object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.1109 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm 1920-1921 Ballykinlar https://imkarchive.org/files/original/3a8842cb23bd479001534d715db6ac4e.JPG 8fe5d3707b798088c11172468400d652 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/3622c14850acb90b2fcaac48f26563da.JPG 1c4f7c6cadb8326eb89ff7bbd449afc1 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/ffdd7e4be4ae63ef094b777d9162a58a.JPG ed4dc08c809dc6da07d4acf05fb7eed5 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/ff57a480ee806f3439f0cbf523bf9fe2.JPG a1b83f0dffc477b6085b4ccafe076ad6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Souvenir of World War I - converted Brass Shell > Ash Tray Subject The topic of the resource Title Souvenir of World War I - converted Brass Shell > Utensil and Bullet-Knife Subject First World War Description An account of the resource Trench art from First World War Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Nurse Elizabeth O'Connor Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Title Souvenir of World War I - converted Brass Shell > Utensil and Bullet-Knife Subject First World War Description Trench art from First World War Creator unknown Source Nurse Elizabeth O'Connor Publisher Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Relation A related resource KHAA.IMK.0188 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource physical object Language A language of the resource gr Type The nature or genre of the resource metal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.0189 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/0fae11b5c003c94dc53ccfe5ef60991b.JPG a45572ffe3dc324e97d013f906b44bc9 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/871ee05953822bc805d9a6bd01ef5322.JPG 39a5ae33bb797dbe82c9228141188635 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/3f4ac619569417af793fd67aeae83a89.JPG 933f3daa71ac44623e7eaf3ff0d04271 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/3eb99917b459476f9a06020946e11cbe.JPG ec684d6501eb4029052de722826db46f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Souvenir of World War I - converted Brass Shell > Utensil and Bullet-Knife Subject The topic of the resource First World War Description An account of the resource Trench art from First World War Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource unknown Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Nurse Elizabeth O'Connor Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource physical object Language A language of the resource fr Type The nature or genre of the resource metal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.0188 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Relation A related resource KHAA.IMK.0189 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/7455d7b2a866f072593c225c96729085.JPG f9f44da58993b9cc03d5a8e3e21b1970 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/c4ea8406fda3fad1eb05239f0b2d03da.JPG 8e91f71bd63a84bb6a34e5140acd5ce8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Total Abstinence Society of Ireland Medal Description An account of the resource The early days of January each year are usually devoted to the often futile attempt of adopting a new year’s resolution. However it might be sobering to contemplate a small medal in the collection of Independence Museum Kilmurry that reflects the roots and huge success of one of the most extraordinary (however brief) mass movements in Irish social history, ultimately enlisting millions of Irish men and women. Although a teetotalism movement was already underway in Cork it was under the leadership of Father (Theobald) Mathew, from 1836, that the Cork Total Abstinence Society took off; under his influence branches of the organization soon spread throughout every parish in Ireland despite being badly disrupted by the Great Famine. The mass pledging (some 3 million people or roughly half the population) that ensued no doubt had the effect of reducing alcohol consumption and the knock on effect on the crime statistics of the period is significant. It was recorded that robberies, assaults, arson and even homicides were thus reduced by half in the pre-Famine period before 1845. Bringing his message further afield to England Father Mathew’s crusade yielded similar success. In 1849 he visited America but while there he fell afoul of the Abolitionist (to abolish slavery) movement whereby, having had to give assurances to the Catholic Hierarchy there that he would not stray outside his remit of battling alcohol consumption, he had to refuse an invitation to condemn slavery. This soured his deep friendship with the former slave and famous abolitionist Frederick Douglass who had been so impressed by his interaction with Father Mathew on his visit to Cork in 1845 that he undertook to receive the pledge from Father Mathew himself. Having co-signed a petition in 1841, with Daniel O’Connell (along with 60,000 Irish people) encouraging the Irish in the U.S. not to partake in slavery and given his own efforts for the downtrodden and marginalised in Cork there was little doubt which side of the debate held the sympathies of Father Matthew. However as he was basically on a fund-raising effort for the temperance movement he was reluctant to muddy the focus of his efforts; “I have as much as I can do to save men from the slavery of intemperance, without attempting the overthrow of any other kind of slavery.”. It does seem that Douglass realised the reasoning behind the decision but held no sympathy with it, ‘we had fondly hoped … that he would not change his morality by changing his location … We are however grieved, humbled and mortified to know that HE too, has fallen.’ Their mutual friendship never recovered. It does seem that the success of his movement was also its downfall…..in that it attracted the unwanted attention of other movements which were covetous of its sizeable membership and network. One of these was nationalist leader Daniel O’ Connell’s who opportunistically co-opted the temperance movement to further his agitation for repeal of the union between Ireland and Britain; likely taking advantage of already existing associational networks and mass gatherings. In the regeneration of national consciousness on the centenary of the 1798 Rebellion, Fr. Mathew had at least 3 dedications in his name thus indicating the influence that his temperance movement had on the resurgent nationalist movement; much as the Gaelic League was likewise at that time identified with and shared many members with the turn of the century temperance movements, “Ireland sober is Ireland free". Whatever the reason(s) Fr. Mathew’s movement eventually broke down and sobriety also duly decreased amongst the population. He is fondly remembered in Cork today more for his association with the City and his lasting effort on behalf of its more unfortunate citizens than for any long term effect of endeavours on behalf of the temperance movement; his imposing statue on Cork’s St. Patricks St., is regularly adorned with empty alcohol bottles from the previous night’s activities. That this cheeky activity is more out of affection rather than any disrespect to the Capuchin friar became manifest in 2000 when a proposed plan to remove ‘The Statue’ to another location in the City was shot down when met with widespread opposition among the people of the City. Fr. Mathew is buried in Cork’s St. Josephs Cemetery which he himself had helped establish to facilitate the burial of the Catholic poor of the City. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This medal was found in a sandbank near Bellmount Mills, 1938. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Relation A related resource KHAA.IMK.0570 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource physical object Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource metal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.0149 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm 19th Century https://imkarchive.org/files/original/ff4c011cd45627fe4f7bee11e9d02693.jpg e510c4ead9192e11069c69186ed428c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Terence MacSwiney Subject The topic of the resource Terence MacSwiney Description An account of the resource Terence Mac Swiney. (Born 28.3.1879 – Died 25.10.1920). “... it is not they who can inflict most but they who can suffer most will prevail...”. Words spoken by Terence MacSwiney on his election as Lord Mayor of Cork in 1920. 1835 Terence Mac Swiney’s father John “born in a farmhouse near Crookstown, Co. Cork in the year 1835” - an area where Mac Swiney’s have lived since before the sixteenth century. 1879 Terence, the fourth of eight children, is born in Cork to John Mac Swiney and Mary Wilkinson. 1895 Aged 16 Terence had to leave the Christian Brothers School at North Monastery to help support the family following the death of his father John in Australia. Terence worked for the next 17 years at Dwyer and Company on Washington Street where he trained as an accountant. 1899 Terence enrolled at Royal College where he studied for a degree in Philosophy – continuing to work by day and study by night. 1901 Helped found the Celtic Literary Society-along with Tomas Mac Curtain, Daniel Corkery, Sean O’Hegarty and Liam de Roiste. 1902 Wrote a letter on behalf of the Cork Literary Society protesting at the Royal Visit of King Edward to the Cork Exhibition of 1902. 1903. Elected Chairman of Cork Literary Society. 1904 His mother dies –by all accounts a heroic woman to whom Terence was deeply attached. She is said to have fostered in her children a love for literature and learning. She faced life’s difficulties with a simple conviction that “God knows best”. 1905 The Fenian O’Donovan Rossa visited Cork from the United States. Terence’s sister Annie at the time recounts “Behind the carriage came a small group of those who had gone to welcome him home, and amongst them was Terry. His face was uplifted and shining. I had been thinking what a wretched crowd it was, how cold and indifferent the streets, until this glance at Terry startled me, and the street, the people, the moving tram on which I sat, all faded. I carried that look with me and wondered what he saw”. Terence Mac Swiney believed in preparing himself for his future role. He believed that Ireland’s “separation - complete independence from Great Britain- was the only way of safety for a small nation- it must not be drawn into the wars and quarrels of its great neighbours”. 1906 His sister Mary (the eldest in the family and eight years older) returns to Cork to from Farnborough where she had been teaching. 1907 Terence graduates from the Royal University (now University College Cork) and published his first book The Music of Freedom. 1908 Along with Daniel Corkery he was a founding member of the Cork Dramatic Society – primarily made up of members of the Gaelic League. Terence continued to work on his four Act play The Revolutionist 1911 Appointed a Commercial Teacher by Cork County Council with responsibility for organising classes in towns throughout County Cork. 1913. Along with Tomas Mac Curtain and Sean O’Hegarty, Terence Mac Swiney founded the Cork branch of the Irish Volunteers. “He threw himself into the work of the movement with a controlled, yet burning passion that overcame all difficulties and everywhere drew men round him”. Dermot Mc Curtain was Commanding Officer of the Cork Brigade with Terence Mac Swiney second in command. 1914 Terence founded a newspaper in Cork named Fianna Fail –used as an outlet for his political writings. To raise much needed funds he sold his much loved books, against his sisters wishes, for £20 saying “a bed to lie on and enough food to keep life in us, to enable us to work is all any of us should think of having now”- the newspaper was suppressed after 11 issues. 1915 August 1915. Terence Mac Swiney appointed full-time organiser of the Volunteers for County Cork. Mainly cycling, throughout Co. Cork helping form branches of the Irish Volunteers. T.J. Murphy of Lissarda, Crookstown, Co Cork writes “the example of the hard life of Terence Mac Swiney... carried us on ... (He came) amongst us in frost and snow, drilling us, getting us ready for the day... devoting hours in a bleak country-side on many a winter’s evening, and rushing off on a push-bike, perhaps at 10.00 o’clock, to meet another Company”. Attended Irish language Summer course in Ballingeary to improve his Irish and visit an area he loved. 1916 Easter Week. The ship the “Aud” fails to land German guns and ammunition in Co. Kerry - to be used in the Rising. Roger Casement is arrested – the Aud scuttled with its munitions when under escort in Cork harbour. No armed rising takes place in Cork following countermand of orders issued by Gen. Eoin Mac Neill Volunteer HQ Dublin. Mac Swiney later quoted bitterly “Order, counter-order, disorder” – a lesson perhaps learned for the future. On Easter Sunday 1916, hundreds of Cork City and other Irish Volunteers marched past the museum building in Kilmurry that was once home to ancestors of their vice-commandant and later Cork’s Lord Mayor, Terence MacSwiney. Terence Mac Swiney arrested and imprisoned at Frongach, North Wales and later moved to Reading jail in England and later released. 1917 In February he is re-arrested and interred at Bromyard in England where Terence MacSwiney marries Muriel Murphy - of the Murphy brewing family in Cork -whom he had known since 1915. At their wedding Terence Mac Swiney wore an officer uniform of the Irish Volunteers which one of the bridesmaids, Geraldine Neeson, had helped smuggle over from Cork. 1918 In June their only child, a daughter, Maire Og, is born in Cork. (In 1945 Maire Og married Ruairi Brugha , son of Cathal Brugha a 1916 volunteer and first Ceann Comhairle ( Chairman) of Dail Eareann). Terence Mac Swiney, as a Volunteer leader, was by now under close surveillance by both police and military and was arrested a number of times. He rarely spent the night at his own home but at carefully selected houses all over Cork In Ireland there was a complete swing in the mood of the people towards the idea of a Republic. Terence Mac Swiney is elected to Dail Eireann ( Irish Parliament) –as a Sinn Fein candidate for Mid –Cork constituency. 1919 The first Dail Eireann was held in the Mansion House Dublin in January- when it adopted a Constitution and approved the declaration of independence as signed by the 1916 leaders –setting up a separate Irish Parliament, Government and Republic. Terence Mac Swiney strongly advocates that Gaelic Irish should be the spoken language of the Irish people and he endeavoured to have motions conducted through Irish. 1920 March 19th. Tomas Mac Curtain, Lord Mayor of Cork, is shot at his home. The coroner’s verdict is the Lord Mayor “was wilfully murdered, under circumstances of most callous brutality; that the murder was organised and carried out by the Royal Irish Constabulary -officially directed by the British Government” Terence Mac Swiney was appointed Lord Mayor of Cork- unopposed. “.... I am more of a soldier stepping into the breach than as an administrator to fill the post in the Municipality.....by showing ourselves un-terrified -cool and inflexible for the fulfilment of our chief purpose – the establishment of the independence and integrity of our country, the peace and happiness of the Irish Republic”. He enjoyed music in all its forms and at this time took an active part in the reorganisation of the Cork Municipal School of Music. March 1920 saw the arrival in Ireland of the “Black and Tans” and Auxilaries – with increasing use of force by the British military – resignations from the R.I.C. became frequent. August 12th. Terence Mac Swiney, Lord Mayor, arrested at Cork City Hall –charged with being in possession of seditious documents. On arrest he commenced his fast saying “ I shall be free alive or dead within a month”. He is sentenced to 2 years in Brixton prison, England arriving there on August 18th. His fast would gain world-wide attention and bring focus on Ireland and its quest for Independence. 30th September . He wrote to Cathal Brugha “... ah Cathal , the pain of Easter Week is probably dead at last.... God bless you again and again and God give you and yours long years of happiness under the victorious Republic”. As his health deteriorated usually present were his wife Muriel, his sisters Annie and Mary, his brother Sean his Chaplain Fr. Dominic O.F.M Capuchin –to share bedside vigils. Dr Coholan, Bishop of Cork also visited as well as Bishop Mannix of Melbourne among others. 25th October Terence Mac Swiney dies, age 41, following his 74 day fast. His body is removed to Southwark Cathedral where over thirty thousand people visit to pay their respects. His body is returned by mail-boat direct to Cork under military escort to avoid possible demonstrations in Dublin. Following Mass at the North Cathedral and funeral attended by huge crowds in Cork City Terence MacSwiney is buried in the Republican plot at St. Finbarr’s Cemetery, Cork - alongside his comrade Tomas Mac Curtain Notes; Note, Sean O’Hegarty referred to (at 1901 and 1913) is buried in the old graveyard in Kilmurry. Daniel Corkerry writing to Mary Mac Swiney a few days after Terence MacSwiney’s death “ ...I know how much he loved Mid-cork, every hill of it, and its fine people, and know quite well that certain of its features would recur to his memory with terrible intensity”. Bishop Coholan in a letter to the Cork Examiner Newspaper wrote “ Periodically, the memory of the martyr’s death will remind a young generation of the fundamental question of the freedom of Ireland”. Petit Journal , Paris said “The death of the Lord Mayor of Cork has interested the whole of humanity in the cause of Irish Independence. Prof. Liam O’Brien then in Paris says “that Europe was ringing with MacSwiney’s name”. Corriere d’Italia “ his wish has been to sacrifice his life for (his country) in testimony to his faith – and the same sacrifice may well be the equivalent for England as a crushing defeat”. Terence Mac Swiney writings. • The Music of Freedom by 'Cuireadóir'. (Poems, The Risen Gaedheal Press, Cork 1907) • Fianna Fáil : the Irish army : a journal for militant Ireland weekly publication edited and mainly written by MacSwiney; Cork, 11 issues, (September to December 1914) • The Revolutionist; a play in five acts (Dublin, London: Maunsel and Company, 1914). Internet Archive. • The Ethics of Revolt: a discussion from a Catholic point of view as to when it becomes lawful to rise in revolt against the Civil Power by Toirdhealbhach Mac Suibhne (pamphlet, 1918) • Battle-cries (Poems, 1918) • Principles of Freedom (Dublin: The Talbot Press, 1921) • Despite Fools' Laughter; poems by Terence MacSwiney. Edited by B. G. MacCarthy (Dublin: M. H. Gill and Son, 1944) Quotes • "It is not those who can inflict the most, but those that can suffer the most who will prevail” • "I am confident that my death will do more to smash the British Empire than my release." (On his hunger strike) • "I want you to bear witness that I die as a Soldier of the Irish Republic." His last words to a visiting priest. Mac Swiney clan background. In Ireland the Mac Sweeney or Clann Suibhne were primarily engaged as professional captains or Galloglass or Galloglaigh from (1200-1600). Galloglass (g. Galloglaigh), are defined as a class of elite mercenary warriors, principally members of the Norse – Gaelic Clans of Scotland, between the mid thirteenth and late sixteenth centuries. In Donegal the MacSwineys divided into three Branches, MacSuibhne Fanad, Mac Suibhne na dTuath and Mac Suibhne Banaghin. Their services as Galloglass were much in demand from both Irish Chieftains and indeed Anglo Norman families. In a document compiled in 1602 by Sir George Carew, Lord President of Munster, it records that an Edmund MacSwiney was ‘drawn out of Ulster’ by Cormac MacCarthy, the builder of Blarney Castle, who died in 1494. This was the likely commencement of a migratory move South by the Mac Swineys whose role it was to train men in the skills of warfare and lead them in battle. They were also in demand as custodians of castles and in return for their services received rents, cattle and in time also acquired lands. This association with the MacCarthys in Muskerry lasted into the seventeenth century. In 1570 it is recorded the MacSwineys are fighting on the side of James Fitzmaurice (Fitzgerald) when the then Viceroy, the Earl of Sydney, reports that he is moving against the MacSwiney Galloglasses ‘who supply the chief forces of the traitor’. The MacSwineys are linked with a MacCarthy castle at Castlemore, near Farnanes, and held castles held in their own right at Clodagh (Cloghda) near Crookstown and Mashanaglass near Macroom. The ‘castles’ at Clodagh and Mashanaglass were built in the period (1400a.d. to 1600a.d) and could more accurately be described as ‘tower houses’. Both castles, especially Mashanaglass, are in advanced stages of disrepair and decay. In 1598 a Brian MacSwiney and his wife Honora Fitzgerald are recorded as occupiers and owners of Clodah castle (towerhouse) where a stone upper-floor mantelpiece has the inscription ‘Anno Dni. 1598 B.M.S.O.G. Decimo Die Julii’ . In 1610 this Brian is applying for a re-grant of the Castle but it was awarded to an Edward Southworthe. In 1834 (Tithe Applotment Book) the castle is held by the Earl of Bandon and probably used as a hunting lodge. When Cromwell invaded Ireland his armies over-ran Muskerry and the lands and possessions of the MacSwineys were seized and given to Cromwell’s followers. Many of the MacSwineys lived on in Muskerry and from one of these, and descendent of the last owner of Clodagh Castle came John MacSwiney, Terence’s father “ He was born in a small farm-house near Crookstown, in the year 1835-just before the famine. While still a young man he shook of his restricted surroundings and made his way to Rome, in order to serve in the Papal Guard during the war against Garibaldi. He arrived in Rome too late the fighting was already over. On his way home, in 1870 he obtained work in London, as a school teacher. A year later he married another school-teacher, Miss Mary Wilkinson. Her father was English, or partly so, her mother’s family had emigrated from the South of Ireland two or three generations earlier. The first three Mac Swiney Children, Mary, Catherine and Peter were born in London, later on the family moved back to Cork where Terence, Margaret, Annie and Sean were born. Following the failure of a business venture with his brother in law John Mac Swiney went to Australia in search of work where he had relations and where he died in 1895. This placed a heavy burden on Mrs Mary Mac Swiney to rear her family and Terence left secondary school at age sixteen to work in the office of Dwyer and Company on WashingtonStreet. (Return to Dates sheet). T.McSwiney ( KHAA 12/2015). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Indpendence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1879 - 1920 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource " Daughters of Cork's Heroic Lord Mayors " Subject The topic of the resource Terence MacSwiney Description An account of the resource " Daughters of Cork's Heroic Lord Mayors " Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource n.d. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Newspaper Clpping Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource physical object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.0957 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1879- Miss MacCurtain Miss MacSwiney Terence MacSwiney Tomás MacCurtain https://imkarchive.org/files/original/40c34f09b3628595eac55458b1de0644.jpg da396d7a97f9e778a9997481d19bfb87 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Terence MacSwiney Subject The topic of the resource Terence MacSwiney Description An account of the resource Terence Mac Swiney. (Born 28.3.1879 – Died 25.10.1920). “... it is not they who can inflict most but they who can suffer most will prevail...”. Words spoken by Terence MacSwiney on his election as Lord Mayor of Cork in 1920. 1835 Terence Mac Swiney’s father John “born in a farmhouse near Crookstown, Co. Cork in the year 1835” - an area where Mac Swiney’s have lived since before the sixteenth century. 1879 Terence, the fourth of eight children, is born in Cork to John Mac Swiney and Mary Wilkinson. 1895 Aged 16 Terence had to leave the Christian Brothers School at North Monastery to help support the family following the death of his father John in Australia. Terence worked for the next 17 years at Dwyer and Company on Washington Street where he trained as an accountant. 1899 Terence enrolled at Royal College where he studied for a degree in Philosophy – continuing to work by day and study by night. 1901 Helped found the Celtic Literary Society-along with Tomas Mac Curtain, Daniel Corkery, Sean O’Hegarty and Liam de Roiste. 1902 Wrote a letter on behalf of the Cork Literary Society protesting at the Royal Visit of King Edward to the Cork Exhibition of 1902. 1903. Elected Chairman of Cork Literary Society. 1904 His mother dies –by all accounts a heroic woman to whom Terence was deeply attached. She is said to have fostered in her children a love for literature and learning. She faced life’s difficulties with a simple conviction that “God knows best”. 1905 The Fenian O’Donovan Rossa visited Cork from the United States. Terence’s sister Annie at the time recounts “Behind the carriage came a small group of those who had gone to welcome him home, and amongst them was Terry. His face was uplifted and shining. I had been thinking what a wretched crowd it was, how cold and indifferent the streets, until this glance at Terry startled me, and the street, the people, the moving tram on which I sat, all faded. I carried that look with me and wondered what he saw”. Terence Mac Swiney believed in preparing himself for his future role. He believed that Ireland’s “separation - complete independence from Great Britain- was the only way of safety for a small nation- it must not be drawn into the wars and quarrels of its great neighbours”. 1906 His sister Mary (the eldest in the family and eight years older) returns to Cork to from Farnborough where she had been teaching. 1907 Terence graduates from the Royal University (now University College Cork) and published his first book The Music of Freedom. 1908 Along with Daniel Corkery he was a founding member of the Cork Dramatic Society – primarily made up of members of the Gaelic League. Terence continued to work on his four Act play The Revolutionist 1911 Appointed a Commercial Teacher by Cork County Council with responsibility for organising classes in towns throughout County Cork. 1913. Along with Tomas Mac Curtain and Sean O’Hegarty, Terence Mac Swiney founded the Cork branch of the Irish Volunteers. “He threw himself into the work of the movement with a controlled, yet burning passion that overcame all difficulties and everywhere drew men round him”. Dermot Mc Curtain was Commanding Officer of the Cork Brigade with Terence Mac Swiney second in command. 1914 Terence founded a newspaper in Cork named Fianna Fail –used as an outlet for his political writings. To raise much needed funds he sold his much loved books, against his sisters wishes, for £20 saying “a bed to lie on and enough food to keep life in us, to enable us to work is all any of us should think of having now”- the newspaper was suppressed after 11 issues. 1915 August 1915. Terence Mac Swiney appointed full-time organiser of the Volunteers for County Cork. Mainly cycling, throughout Co. Cork helping form branches of the Irish Volunteers. T.J. Murphy of Lissarda, Crookstown, Co Cork writes “the example of the hard life of Terence Mac Swiney... carried us on ... (He came) amongst us in frost and snow, drilling us, getting us ready for the day... devoting hours in a bleak country-side on many a winter’s evening, and rushing off on a push-bike, perhaps at 10.00 o’clock, to meet another Company”. Attended Irish language Summer course in Ballingeary to improve his Irish and visit an area he loved. 1916 Easter Week. The ship the “Aud” fails to land German guns and ammunition in Co. Kerry - to be used in the Rising. Roger Casement is arrested – the Aud scuttled with its munitions when under escort in Cork harbour. No armed rising takes place in Cork following countermand of orders issued by Gen. Eoin Mac Neill Volunteer HQ Dublin. Mac Swiney later quoted bitterly “Order, counter-order, disorder” – a lesson perhaps learned for the future. On Easter Sunday 1916, hundreds of Cork City and other Irish Volunteers marched past the museum building in Kilmurry that was once home to ancestors of their vice-commandant and later Cork’s Lord Mayor, Terence MacSwiney. Terence Mac Swiney arrested and imprisoned at Frongach, North Wales and later moved to Reading jail in England and later released. 1917 In February he is re-arrested and interred at Bromyard in England where Terence MacSwiney marries Muriel Murphy - of the Murphy brewing family in Cork -whom he had known since 1915. At their wedding Terence Mac Swiney wore an officer uniform of the Irish Volunteers which one of the bridesmaids, Geraldine Neeson, had helped smuggle over from Cork. 1918 In June their only child, a daughter, Maire Og, is born in Cork. (In 1945 Maire Og married Ruairi Brugha , son of Cathal Brugha a 1916 volunteer and first Ceann Comhairle ( Chairman) of Dail Eareann). Terence Mac Swiney, as a Volunteer leader, was by now under close surveillance by both police and military and was arrested a number of times. He rarely spent the night at his own home but at carefully selected houses all over Cork In Ireland there was a complete swing in the mood of the people towards the idea of a Republic. Terence Mac Swiney is elected to Dail Eireann ( Irish Parliament) –as a Sinn Fein candidate for Mid –Cork constituency. 1919 The first Dail Eireann was held in the Mansion House Dublin in January- when it adopted a Constitution and approved the declaration of independence as signed by the 1916 leaders –setting up a separate Irish Parliament, Government and Republic. Terence Mac Swiney strongly advocates that Gaelic Irish should be the spoken language of the Irish people and he endeavoured to have motions conducted through Irish. 1920 March 19th. Tomas Mac Curtain, Lord Mayor of Cork, is shot at his home. The coroner’s verdict is the Lord Mayor “was wilfully murdered, under circumstances of most callous brutality; that the murder was organised and carried out by the Royal Irish Constabulary -officially directed by the British Government” Terence Mac Swiney was appointed Lord Mayor of Cork- unopposed. “.... I am more of a soldier stepping into the breach than as an administrator to fill the post in the Municipality.....by showing ourselves un-terrified -cool and inflexible for the fulfilment of our chief purpose – the establishment of the independence and integrity of our country, the peace and happiness of the Irish Republic”. He enjoyed music in all its forms and at this time took an active part in the reorganisation of the Cork Municipal School of Music. March 1920 saw the arrival in Ireland of the “Black and Tans” and Auxilaries – with increasing use of force by the British military – resignations from the R.I.C. became frequent. August 12th. Terence Mac Swiney, Lord Mayor, arrested at Cork City Hall –charged with being in possession of seditious documents. On arrest he commenced his fast saying “ I shall be free alive or dead within a month”. He is sentenced to 2 years in Brixton prison, England arriving there on August 18th. His fast would gain world-wide attention and bring focus on Ireland and its quest for Independence. 30th September . He wrote to Cathal Brugha “... ah Cathal , the pain of Easter Week is probably dead at last.... God bless you again and again and God give you and yours long years of happiness under the victorious Republic”. As his health deteriorated usually present were his wife Muriel, his sisters Annie and Mary, his brother Sean his Chaplain Fr. Dominic O.F.M Capuchin –to share bedside vigils. Dr Coholan, Bishop of Cork also visited as well as Bishop Mannix of Melbourne among others. 25th October Terence Mac Swiney dies, age 41, following his 74 day fast. His body is removed to Southwark Cathedral where over thirty thousand people visit to pay their respects. His body is returned by mail-boat direct to Cork under military escort to avoid possible demonstrations in Dublin. Following Mass at the North Cathedral and funeral attended by huge crowds in Cork City Terence MacSwiney is buried in the Republican plot at St. Finbarr’s Cemetery, Cork - alongside his comrade Tomas Mac Curtain Notes; Note, Sean O’Hegarty referred to (at 1901 and 1913) is buried in the old graveyard in Kilmurry. Daniel Corkerry writing to Mary Mac Swiney a few days after Terence MacSwiney’s death “ ...I know how much he loved Mid-cork, every hill of it, and its fine people, and know quite well that certain of its features would recur to his memory with terrible intensity”. Bishop Coholan in a letter to the Cork Examiner Newspaper wrote “ Periodically, the memory of the martyr’s death will remind a young generation of the fundamental question of the freedom of Ireland”. Petit Journal , Paris said “The death of the Lord Mayor of Cork has interested the whole of humanity in the cause of Irish Independence. Prof. Liam O’Brien then in Paris says “that Europe was ringing with MacSwiney’s name”. Corriere d’Italia “ his wish has been to sacrifice his life for (his country) in testimony to his faith – and the same sacrifice may well be the equivalent for England as a crushing defeat”. Terence Mac Swiney writings. • The Music of Freedom by 'Cuireadóir'. (Poems, The Risen Gaedheal Press, Cork 1907) • Fianna Fáil : the Irish army : a journal for militant Ireland weekly publication edited and mainly written by MacSwiney; Cork, 11 issues, (September to December 1914) • The Revolutionist; a play in five acts (Dublin, London: Maunsel and Company, 1914). Internet Archive. • The Ethics of Revolt: a discussion from a Catholic point of view as to when it becomes lawful to rise in revolt against the Civil Power by Toirdhealbhach Mac Suibhne (pamphlet, 1918) • Battle-cries (Poems, 1918) • Principles of Freedom (Dublin: The Talbot Press, 1921) • Despite Fools' Laughter; poems by Terence MacSwiney. Edited by B. G. MacCarthy (Dublin: M. H. Gill and Son, 1944) Quotes • "It is not those who can inflict the most, but those that can suffer the most who will prevail” • "I am confident that my death will do more to smash the British Empire than my release." (On his hunger strike) • "I want you to bear witness that I die as a Soldier of the Irish Republic." His last words to a visiting priest. Mac Swiney clan background. In Ireland the Mac Sweeney or Clann Suibhne were primarily engaged as professional captains or Galloglass or Galloglaigh from (1200-1600). Galloglass (g. Galloglaigh), are defined as a class of elite mercenary warriors, principally members of the Norse – Gaelic Clans of Scotland, between the mid thirteenth and late sixteenth centuries. In Donegal the MacSwineys divided into three Branches, MacSuibhne Fanad, Mac Suibhne na dTuath and Mac Suibhne Banaghin. Their services as Galloglass were much in demand from both Irish Chieftains and indeed Anglo Norman families. In a document compiled in 1602 by Sir George Carew, Lord President of Munster, it records that an Edmund MacSwiney was ‘drawn out of Ulster’ by Cormac MacCarthy, the builder of Blarney Castle, who died in 1494. This was the likely commencement of a migratory move South by the Mac Swineys whose role it was to train men in the skills of warfare and lead them in battle. They were also in demand as custodians of castles and in return for their services received rents, cattle and in time also acquired lands. This association with the MacCarthys in Muskerry lasted into the seventeenth century. In 1570 it is recorded the MacSwineys are fighting on the side of James Fitzmaurice (Fitzgerald) when the then Viceroy, the Earl of Sydney, reports that he is moving against the MacSwiney Galloglasses ‘who supply the chief forces of the traitor’. The MacSwineys are linked with a MacCarthy castle at Castlemore, near Farnanes, and held castles held in their own right at Clodagh (Cloghda) near Crookstown and Mashanaglass near Macroom. The ‘castles’ at Clodagh and Mashanaglass were built in the period (1400a.d. to 1600a.d) and could more accurately be described as ‘tower houses’. Both castles, especially Mashanaglass, are in advanced stages of disrepair and decay. In 1598 a Brian MacSwiney and his wife Honora Fitzgerald are recorded as occupiers and owners of Clodah castle (towerhouse) where a stone upper-floor mantelpiece has the inscription ‘Anno Dni. 1598 B.M.S.O.G. Decimo Die Julii’ . In 1610 this Brian is applying for a re-grant of the Castle but it was awarded to an Edward Southworthe. In 1834 (Tithe Applotment Book) the castle is held by the Earl of Bandon and probably used as a hunting lodge. When Cromwell invaded Ireland his armies over-ran Muskerry and the lands and possessions of the MacSwineys were seized and given to Cromwell’s followers. Many of the MacSwineys lived on in Muskerry and from one of these, and descendent of the last owner of Clodagh Castle came John MacSwiney, Terence’s father “ He was born in a small farm-house near Crookstown, in the year 1835-just before the famine. While still a young man he shook of his restricted surroundings and made his way to Rome, in order to serve in the Papal Guard during the war against Garibaldi. He arrived in Rome too late the fighting was already over. On his way home, in 1870 he obtained work in London, as a school teacher. A year later he married another school-teacher, Miss Mary Wilkinson. Her father was English, or partly so, her mother’s family had emigrated from the South of Ireland two or three generations earlier. The first three Mac Swiney Children, Mary, Catherine and Peter were born in London, later on the family moved back to Cork where Terence, Margaret, Annie and Sean were born. Following the failure of a business venture with his brother in law John Mac Swiney went to Australia in search of work where he had relations and where he died in 1895. This placed a heavy burden on Mrs Mary Mac Swiney to rear her family and Terence left secondary school at age sixteen to work in the office of Dwyer and Company on WashingtonStreet. (Return to Dates sheet). T.McSwiney ( KHAA 12/2015). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Indpendence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1879 - 1920 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource " Death Of Mary MacSwiney " Subject The topic of the resource Terence MacSwiney Description An account of the resource " Death Of Mary MacSwiney " Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Newspaper Clpping Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource physical object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.0956 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1879- Máire MacSwiney Maire Ni Shuibne Mary MacSwiney Min MacSwiney Terence MacSwiney https://imkarchive.org/files/original/94a7f43f3876f35681cb3a160287805b.jpg 17c6baa8a6d093d40550e51369f2f3c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Terence MacSwiney Subject The topic of the resource Terence MacSwiney Description An account of the resource Terence Mac Swiney. (Born 28.3.1879 – Died 25.10.1920). “... it is not they who can inflict most but they who can suffer most will prevail...”. Words spoken by Terence MacSwiney on his election as Lord Mayor of Cork in 1920. 1835 Terence Mac Swiney’s father John “born in a farmhouse near Crookstown, Co. Cork in the year 1835” - an area where Mac Swiney’s have lived since before the sixteenth century. 1879 Terence, the fourth of eight children, is born in Cork to John Mac Swiney and Mary Wilkinson. 1895 Aged 16 Terence had to leave the Christian Brothers School at North Monastery to help support the family following the death of his father John in Australia. Terence worked for the next 17 years at Dwyer and Company on Washington Street where he trained as an accountant. 1899 Terence enrolled at Royal College where he studied for a degree in Philosophy – continuing to work by day and study by night. 1901 Helped found the Celtic Literary Society-along with Tomas Mac Curtain, Daniel Corkery, Sean O’Hegarty and Liam de Roiste. 1902 Wrote a letter on behalf of the Cork Literary Society protesting at the Royal Visit of King Edward to the Cork Exhibition of 1902. 1903. Elected Chairman of Cork Literary Society. 1904 His mother dies –by all accounts a heroic woman to whom Terence was deeply attached. She is said to have fostered in her children a love for literature and learning. She faced life’s difficulties with a simple conviction that “God knows best”. 1905 The Fenian O’Donovan Rossa visited Cork from the United States. Terence’s sister Annie at the time recounts “Behind the carriage came a small group of those who had gone to welcome him home, and amongst them was Terry. His face was uplifted and shining. I had been thinking what a wretched crowd it was, how cold and indifferent the streets, until this glance at Terry startled me, and the street, the people, the moving tram on which I sat, all faded. I carried that look with me and wondered what he saw”. Terence Mac Swiney believed in preparing himself for his future role. He believed that Ireland’s “separation - complete independence from Great Britain- was the only way of safety for a small nation- it must not be drawn into the wars and quarrels of its great neighbours”. 1906 His sister Mary (the eldest in the family and eight years older) returns to Cork to from Farnborough where she had been teaching. 1907 Terence graduates from the Royal University (now University College Cork) and published his first book The Music of Freedom. 1908 Along with Daniel Corkery he was a founding member of the Cork Dramatic Society – primarily made up of members of the Gaelic League. Terence continued to work on his four Act play The Revolutionist 1911 Appointed a Commercial Teacher by Cork County Council with responsibility for organising classes in towns throughout County Cork. 1913. Along with Tomas Mac Curtain and Sean O’Hegarty, Terence Mac Swiney founded the Cork branch of the Irish Volunteers. “He threw himself into the work of the movement with a controlled, yet burning passion that overcame all difficulties and everywhere drew men round him”. Dermot Mc Curtain was Commanding Officer of the Cork Brigade with Terence Mac Swiney second in command. 1914 Terence founded a newspaper in Cork named Fianna Fail –used as an outlet for his political writings. To raise much needed funds he sold his much loved books, against his sisters wishes, for £20 saying “a bed to lie on and enough food to keep life in us, to enable us to work is all any of us should think of having now”- the newspaper was suppressed after 11 issues. 1915 August 1915. Terence Mac Swiney appointed full-time organiser of the Volunteers for County Cork. Mainly cycling, throughout Co. Cork helping form branches of the Irish Volunteers. T.J. Murphy of Lissarda, Crookstown, Co Cork writes “the example of the hard life of Terence Mac Swiney... carried us on ... (He came) amongst us in frost and snow, drilling us, getting us ready for the day... devoting hours in a bleak country-side on many a winter’s evening, and rushing off on a push-bike, perhaps at 10.00 o’clock, to meet another Company”. Attended Irish language Summer course in Ballingeary to improve his Irish and visit an area he loved. 1916 Easter Week. The ship the “Aud” fails to land German guns and ammunition in Co. Kerry - to be used in the Rising. Roger Casement is arrested – the Aud scuttled with its munitions when under escort in Cork harbour. No armed rising takes place in Cork following countermand of orders issued by Gen. Eoin Mac Neill Volunteer HQ Dublin. Mac Swiney later quoted bitterly “Order, counter-order, disorder” – a lesson perhaps learned for the future. On Easter Sunday 1916, hundreds of Cork City and other Irish Volunteers marched past the museum building in Kilmurry that was once home to ancestors of their vice-commandant and later Cork’s Lord Mayor, Terence MacSwiney. Terence Mac Swiney arrested and imprisoned at Frongach, North Wales and later moved to Reading jail in England and later released. 1917 In February he is re-arrested and interred at Bromyard in England where Terence MacSwiney marries Muriel Murphy - of the Murphy brewing family in Cork -whom he had known since 1915. At their wedding Terence Mac Swiney wore an officer uniform of the Irish Volunteers which one of the bridesmaids, Geraldine Neeson, had helped smuggle over from Cork. 1918 In June their only child, a daughter, Maire Og, is born in Cork. (In 1945 Maire Og married Ruairi Brugha , son of Cathal Brugha a 1916 volunteer and first Ceann Comhairle ( Chairman) of Dail Eareann). Terence Mac Swiney, as a Volunteer leader, was by now under close surveillance by both police and military and was arrested a number of times. He rarely spent the night at his own home but at carefully selected houses all over Cork In Ireland there was a complete swing in the mood of the people towards the idea of a Republic. Terence Mac Swiney is elected to Dail Eireann ( Irish Parliament) –as a Sinn Fein candidate for Mid –Cork constituency. 1919 The first Dail Eireann was held in the Mansion House Dublin in January- when it adopted a Constitution and approved the declaration of independence as signed by the 1916 leaders –setting up a separate Irish Parliament, Government and Republic. Terence Mac Swiney strongly advocates that Gaelic Irish should be the spoken language of the Irish people and he endeavoured to have motions conducted through Irish. 1920 March 19th. Tomas Mac Curtain, Lord Mayor of Cork, is shot at his home. The coroner’s verdict is the Lord Mayor “was wilfully murdered, under circumstances of most callous brutality; that the murder was organised and carried out by the Royal Irish Constabulary -officially directed by the British Government” Terence Mac Swiney was appointed Lord Mayor of Cork- unopposed. “.... I am more of a soldier stepping into the breach than as an administrator to fill the post in the Municipality.....by showing ourselves un-terrified -cool and inflexible for the fulfilment of our chief purpose – the establishment of the independence and integrity of our country, the peace and happiness of the Irish Republic”. He enjoyed music in all its forms and at this time took an active part in the reorganisation of the Cork Municipal School of Music. March 1920 saw the arrival in Ireland of the “Black and Tans” and Auxilaries – with increasing use of force by the British military – resignations from the R.I.C. became frequent. August 12th. Terence Mac Swiney, Lord Mayor, arrested at Cork City Hall –charged with being in possession of seditious documents. On arrest he commenced his fast saying “ I shall be free alive or dead within a month”. He is sentenced to 2 years in Brixton prison, England arriving there on August 18th. His fast would gain world-wide attention and bring focus on Ireland and its quest for Independence. 30th September . He wrote to Cathal Brugha “... ah Cathal , the pain of Easter Week is probably dead at last.... God bless you again and again and God give you and yours long years of happiness under the victorious Republic”. As his health deteriorated usually present were his wife Muriel, his sisters Annie and Mary, his brother Sean his Chaplain Fr. Dominic O.F.M Capuchin –to share bedside vigils. Dr Coholan, Bishop of Cork also visited as well as Bishop Mannix of Melbourne among others. 25th October Terence Mac Swiney dies, age 41, following his 74 day fast. His body is removed to Southwark Cathedral where over thirty thousand people visit to pay their respects. His body is returned by mail-boat direct to Cork under military escort to avoid possible demonstrations in Dublin. Following Mass at the North Cathedral and funeral attended by huge crowds in Cork City Terence MacSwiney is buried in the Republican plot at St. Finbarr’s Cemetery, Cork - alongside his comrade Tomas Mac Curtain Notes; Note, Sean O’Hegarty referred to (at 1901 and 1913) is buried in the old graveyard in Kilmurry. Daniel Corkerry writing to Mary Mac Swiney a few days after Terence MacSwiney’s death “ ...I know how much he loved Mid-cork, every hill of it, and its fine people, and know quite well that certain of its features would recur to his memory with terrible intensity”. Bishop Coholan in a letter to the Cork Examiner Newspaper wrote “ Periodically, the memory of the martyr’s death will remind a young generation of the fundamental question of the freedom of Ireland”. Petit Journal , Paris said “The death of the Lord Mayor of Cork has interested the whole of humanity in the cause of Irish Independence. Prof. Liam O’Brien then in Paris says “that Europe was ringing with MacSwiney’s name”. Corriere d’Italia “ his wish has been to sacrifice his life for (his country) in testimony to his faith – and the same sacrifice may well be the equivalent for England as a crushing defeat”. Terence Mac Swiney writings. • The Music of Freedom by 'Cuireadóir'. (Poems, The Risen Gaedheal Press, Cork 1907) • Fianna Fáil : the Irish army : a journal for militant Ireland weekly publication edited and mainly written by MacSwiney; Cork, 11 issues, (September to December 1914) • The Revolutionist; a play in five acts (Dublin, London: Maunsel and Company, 1914). Internet Archive. • The Ethics of Revolt: a discussion from a Catholic point of view as to when it becomes lawful to rise in revolt against the Civil Power by Toirdhealbhach Mac Suibhne (pamphlet, 1918) • Battle-cries (Poems, 1918) • Principles of Freedom (Dublin: The Talbot Press, 1921) • Despite Fools' Laughter; poems by Terence MacSwiney. Edited by B. G. MacCarthy (Dublin: M. H. Gill and Son, 1944) Quotes • "It is not those who can inflict the most, but those that can suffer the most who will prevail” • "I am confident that my death will do more to smash the British Empire than my release." (On his hunger strike) • "I want you to bear witness that I die as a Soldier of the Irish Republic." His last words to a visiting priest. Mac Swiney clan background. In Ireland the Mac Sweeney or Clann Suibhne were primarily engaged as professional captains or Galloglass or Galloglaigh from (1200-1600). Galloglass (g. Galloglaigh), are defined as a class of elite mercenary warriors, principally members of the Norse – Gaelic Clans of Scotland, between the mid thirteenth and late sixteenth centuries. In Donegal the MacSwineys divided into three Branches, MacSuibhne Fanad, Mac Suibhne na dTuath and Mac Suibhne Banaghin. Their services as Galloglass were much in demand from both Irish Chieftains and indeed Anglo Norman families. In a document compiled in 1602 by Sir George Carew, Lord President of Munster, it records that an Edmund MacSwiney was ‘drawn out of Ulster’ by Cormac MacCarthy, the builder of Blarney Castle, who died in 1494. This was the likely commencement of a migratory move South by the Mac Swineys whose role it was to train men in the skills of warfare and lead them in battle. They were also in demand as custodians of castles and in return for their services received rents, cattle and in time also acquired lands. This association with the MacCarthys in Muskerry lasted into the seventeenth century. In 1570 it is recorded the MacSwineys are fighting on the side of James Fitzmaurice (Fitzgerald) when the then Viceroy, the Earl of Sydney, reports that he is moving against the MacSwiney Galloglasses ‘who supply the chief forces of the traitor’. The MacSwineys are linked with a MacCarthy castle at Castlemore, near Farnanes, and held castles held in their own right at Clodagh (Cloghda) near Crookstown and Mashanaglass near Macroom. The ‘castles’ at Clodagh and Mashanaglass were built in the period (1400a.d. to 1600a.d) and could more accurately be described as ‘tower houses’. Both castles, especially Mashanaglass, are in advanced stages of disrepair and decay. In 1598 a Brian MacSwiney and his wife Honora Fitzgerald are recorded as occupiers and owners of Clodah castle (towerhouse) where a stone upper-floor mantelpiece has the inscription ‘Anno Dni. 1598 B.M.S.O.G. Decimo Die Julii’ . In 1610 this Brian is applying for a re-grant of the Castle but it was awarded to an Edward Southworthe. In 1834 (Tithe Applotment Book) the castle is held by the Earl of Bandon and probably used as a hunting lodge. When Cromwell invaded Ireland his armies over-ran Muskerry and the lands and possessions of the MacSwineys were seized and given to Cromwell’s followers. Many of the MacSwineys lived on in Muskerry and from one of these, and descendent of the last owner of Clodagh Castle came John MacSwiney, Terence’s father “ He was born in a small farm-house near Crookstown, in the year 1835-just before the famine. While still a young man he shook of his restricted surroundings and made his way to Rome, in order to serve in the Papal Guard during the war against Garibaldi. He arrived in Rome too late the fighting was already over. On his way home, in 1870 he obtained work in London, as a school teacher. A year later he married another school-teacher, Miss Mary Wilkinson. Her father was English, or partly so, her mother’s family had emigrated from the South of Ireland two or three generations earlier. The first three Mac Swiney Children, Mary, Catherine and Peter were born in London, later on the family moved back to Cork where Terence, Margaret, Annie and Sean were born. Following the failure of a business venture with his brother in law John Mac Swiney went to Australia in search of work where he had relations and where he died in 1895. This placed a heavy burden on Mrs Mary Mac Swiney to rear her family and Terence left secondary school at age sixteen to work in the office of Dwyer and Company on WashingtonStreet. (Return to Dates sheet). T.McSwiney ( KHAA 12/2015). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Indpendence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1879 - 1920 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource " The MacSwiney Funeral " - group photo Subject The topic of the resource Terence MacSwiney Description An account of the resource " The MacSwiney Funeral " - group photo Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource n.d. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Newspaper Clpping Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource physical object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.0950 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1879-1920 Cork 1st Brigade Terence MacSwiney https://imkarchive.org/files/original/2d422fd666f81d05e63a78f423588e53.JPG dec2c709c4fbe2e23e77076598c3f590 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/1b7a2070a6c9380e0f515c427f06f117.JPG a8a01801612f4ccb2ad43978c2c1dede https://imkarchive.org/files/original/8e6cd714a148fb727a446633c0a07e2f.JPG cbac598a50d8953e7b7990038c562e6c https://imkarchive.org/files/original/4a02b278aa38501632ba478935d4e8eb.JPG 31f94a058f9e14dfbe6111c580523316 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/f9bb2284dc78fba49f78f15f658f9df6.JPG 2ea21c3b37cf42b4896fd756e3bb2776 https://imkarchive.org/files/original/8ec24ac225b29307e93fbb9e006bbb72.JPG 39b3f8f40af0f8229619550bda180a38 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Irish War of Independence Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Type The nature or genre of the resource Subject The topic of the resource Irish War of Independence Description An account of the resource War of Independence Cogadh na Saoirse In the immediate aftermath of the Rising it seemed that a calm had settled on Ireland; the command structure of the Volunteers had been depleted and a countrywide round-up of dissenters had been exiled to internment in the United Kingdom. However a simmering resentment remained among the people due to the execution of the rebel leaders, internment of the surviving Volunteers and the continued recruitment drive for manpower for the War effort; allied with the carrot and stick approach tactics of the British linking the implementation of Home Rule to conscription. The rejuvenated Volunteers and its leaders, once released from internment (Frongoch Internment Camp in Wales was known as the “University of Revolution “) had begun to re-organize and rally around the issue of recruitment. The funeral in 1917 of 1916 leader Thomas Ashe (who died on hunger strike while being force fed) had many echoes of the pre-Rising funeral of O’ Donovan Rossa; the impressive organisation of the Volunteers on the day of Ashe’s funeral, and even the choice of a relatively unknown funeral orator, Michael Collins; who would go on to play as dominant a role in the forthcoming conflict, as Patrick Pearse had done in the previous one. Other important indicators of the subtle return of confidence to the separatist ranks were the ceding, by Arthur Griffith of the Presidency of Sinn Fein in favour of Eamon De Valera and the subsequent election of De Valera as President of the Volunteers; increasingly referred to as the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Sinn Fein now had the confidence of an army underlying it. The IRA, after the Sinn Fein landslide victory in the general election of 1918, now enjoyed the legitimacy of a democratic majority. Having stood on a policy platform of abstaining from the Westminster Parliament - regarding it as a foreign parliament, the newly elected Sinn Fein members ( those that were not still imprisoned or on the run) convened on 21st of January , 1918 to form the new independent assembly, Dáil Éireann. On the same day in Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary, two RIC policemen were killed by men from the South Tipperary Brigade of the IRA, in an attempt to gain much needed arms. This is regarded as the first significant encounter of the Anglo-Irish War. Apart from purloining arms, another key tactic of the IRA was instigating a boycott, among locals, of the police. This intimidation inevitably led to a mass of retirements and reduction in the force and ultimately abandoning many of the more isolated rural barracks; leading to a breakdown in civil authority and a further legitimacy to Sinn Fein as the only local enforcement of civil order. The British authorities were prepared to leave the conflict at a ‘law and order’ level as a war would effectively recognise the authority of the new government. The preferred method of engaging with the insurgents was by way of ‘unofficial’ reprisals and harassment but these practices usually only elicited more resentment from the general populace. It was only when an orchestrated attack on three RIC barracks in the Cork area commanded by The Cork No.1 Brigade, that acknowledgment was made at British Government level that “…acts of war…” had been committed. One of these concurrent attacks was an unsuccessful one on the RIC Barracks at Kilmurry by a force of about 60 Macroom Company men with some men from the Kilmurry Company acting as scouts and look-outs. Eventually the British acknowledged the escalation of hostilities by recruiting support for the understrength RIC. This arrived in the form of temporary cadets – Black and Tans – named after their ad-hoc uniforms which were a mix of RIC and British Army due to supply shortages; figuratively betraying also the dual nature of their role. There were further reinforcements from experienced former British Officers in the guise of a paramilitary force, the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary (ADRIC), more commonly known as Auxiliaries or Auxies. A further bolster to the Crown Forces was the introduction of the draconian Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 and later on the selective introduction of martial law. The IRA in Cork responded to the escalation of hostilities with their own mobile paramilitary units – The Flying Column – which gained some notable military victories over the more experienced and numerically superior Crown Forces. In Dublin Michael Collins as Director of Intelligence for the Irish Republican Army (among his many roles) had a notable coup whereby the IRA essentially emasculated British Intelligence operations in Dublin by locating and killing eleven members of the crack undercover team known as the ‘Cairo Gang’. In retaliation the Crown Forces opened fire on a Gaelic football match in Croke Park; fourteen civilians died in the attack. Later on the British murdered three IRA prisoners it was holding in Dublin Castle. The day was dubbed as ‘Bloody Sunday’ and was considered a major propaganda and strategic victory for the IRA. The same year saw another major military and morale boosting victory for the IRA when in Cork an ambush of Auxiliaries in Kilmichael by the West Cork Flying Column resulted in 17 British casualties for the loss of three Volunteers. In response the British imposed martial law in most of Munster, including County Cork. In Cork City they also imposed a curfew and on the night of 11–12 December 1920 they burnt and looted the city as a reprisal for an engagement earlier on that evening and the Kilmichael Ambush, two weeks earlier. While the next few months saw even more tit-for-tat casualties it seemed clear that both sides were fighting a battle neither side could hope to win. Eventually a truce was agreed on 21st of July 1921. Since Munster, Cork in particular, saw a majority of the action outside of Dublin in the War of Independence it is no surprise that Kilmurry and its neighbouring parishes were witness to some of the key activities and engagements of the conflict; given its proximity to British garrisons at Cork, Ballincollig, Macroom and Bandon, and the consequent troop movement between them. This concentration of enemy forces attracted IRA attention to the area facilitated by a network of safe houses and loyal following. One such safe-house was in the neighbouring Parish of Kilmichael, Joe O’ Sullivan’s house at Gurranereigh. While Kilmurry was in the 1st Cork Brigade area it was adjacent to the 3rd Cork Brigade, to whose men it was considered a safe and convenient haven. It was to this house that Tom Barry and his men of the 1st Cork Brigade retired to billets after the Crossbarry Ambush on 19th of March 1921. Indeed the area was so often used by the men of the West Cork Flying Column that Sean O’ Hegarty, Officer Commanding of the Ist Cork Brigade once enquired of Tom Barry if “… (they) had any food or houses in West Cork”. Another member of the West Cork Flying Column and a veteran of the Crossbarry and Kilmichael Ambushes was Liam Deasy who in his memoir of the Anglo-Irish War ‘Towards Ireland Free’ fondly remembers the welcome they always received, not only from the Kilmurry/Crookstown Company Officers but also the people of the area. On the morning of Sunday, 22nd of August 1920, the area itself was witness to an ambush of Crown Forces at Lissarda. Local Volunteer William Powell of the Kilmurry Company (later Crookstown Company) observed a convoy of RIC and Tans on the way from Cork to Macroom earlier that morning and knowing they would at some stage return to Cork, set about staging an ambush on their route through Lissarda. It was only about 2:30pm when the convoy arrived at Lissarda but even at this stage all the ambush party had not yet arrived in their positions; there had been 12:30pm Mass to attend, guns to be collected, most likely farm work and probably some dinner. During the engagement one Volunteer was killed. The local man was Michael Galvin who was secretly buried in the Kilmurry Churchyard (any overt ceremony would have incurred reprisals for the family), before later being interred, when it was safe to do so, in St. Mary’s Graveyard, Kilmurry. One of the last actions of the war just a few weeks before the truce, saw the torching of the big house at Warrenscourt. Even at this late stage of the war there was evidence that the British were intent on stationing troops there to suppress IRA activity in the area. This showed the belief of both sides that even with a truce in sight they would be more than ready to continue the fight. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919 - 1921 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Attack on Kilmurry Barracks" - Front Page of Cork Examiner 17/01/1920 Subject The topic of the resource Anglo-Irish War, Irish War of Independence, War of Independence, Ireland, 1919-1921 Description An account of the resource Original copy of the front page Cork Examiner dated 17/01/1920 - 'Attack on Kilmurry Barracks' headline describing the failed raid on Kilmurry RIC Barracks by local IRA. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cork Examiner Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Michael Lenihan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Newspaper Page Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource physical object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.1100 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1919-1921 1919-1921 Anglo-Irish War Cork Examiner Ireland Irish War of Independence Kilmurry RIC War of Independence https://imkarchive.org/files/original/930e642b761d92d009daaf77504d1b7b.jpg 9f918b6ec54af2750f6204affaa6c9c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bishop Edward J. Galvin Subject The topic of the resource Bishop Edward J. Galvin Description An account of the resource Artefacts in the Independence Museum Collection relating to Bishop Edward J. Galvin. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Independence Museum Kilmurry Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Bishop Galvin Correspondence - Hanyang, Christmas Eve, 1950" Subject The topic of the resource Bishop Edward J. Galvin Description An account of the resource "Bishop Galvin Correspondence - Hanyang, Christmas Eve, 1950" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bishop Galvin Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deirdre Bourke Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Letter Language A language of the resource eng Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.1011 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950 "Bishop of Hanyang "Dalgan Park China" Columbans County Meath" Edward Galvin Edward J. Galvin Missionary Society of St. Columban Navan Newcestown